--- title: Diffractive Lens Articles - Apollo Optical Systems description: Apollo is an industry leader in diffractive optics design and manufacturing. Learn more in our diffractive lens articles. --- [Skip to content](https://www.apollooptical.com/diffractive-optics-articles#main-content) Close - [Markets](http://www.apollooptical.com/markets) - [Automotive](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-vertical) - [DMS & OMS](http://www.apollooptical.com/driver-monitoring-occupant-monitoring-system) - [Optical DFM Checklist](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-optical-dfm-checklist) - [DMS & OMS Polymer Optical Systems Solutions Guide](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-dms-oms-polymer-optical-systems-solutions-guide) - [Medical Devices](http://www.apollooptical.com/medical-devices) - [Tactical-Defense](http://www.apollooptical.com/tactical) - [Robotics](http://www.apollooptical.com/robotics-polymer-optics) - [Capabilities](http://www.apollooptical.com/capabilities-apollo-optical) - [Assembly](http://www.apollooptical.com/assembly) - [Coating as a Service](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-coating-service) - [Diffractive Optics](http://www.apollooptical.com/diffractive-optics) - [Evaporative Coatings](http://www.apollooptical.com/evaporative-coatings) - [Metrology & Testing](http://www.apollooptical.com/metrology-testing) - [Microlens Arrays](http://www.apollooptical.com/microlens-arrays) - [Optical and Mechanical Design](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-mechanical-design) - [Polymer Injection Molding](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-injection-molding) - [Polymer Raw Materials](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-raw-materials) - [Single Point Diamond Turning](http://www.apollooptical.com/single-point-diamond-turning) - [Company](http://www.apollooptical.com/about-apollo-optical) - [About Us](http://www.apollooptical.com/about-apollo-optical) - [Apollo Team](http://www.apollooptical.com/apollo-team) - [Careers](http://www.apollooptical.com/careers) - [FAQ](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-manufacturing-faq) - Learn - [Resources](http://www.apollooptical.com/resources-references-polymer-optics) - [Common Polymers for Optical Components](http://www.apollooptical.com/common-polymers-for-optical-components) - [Material Transmission Data and Graphs](http://www.apollooptical.com/material-transmission-data-graphs) - [Manufacturing Tolerances](http://www.apollooptical.com/manufacturing-tolerances) - [Glossary](http://www.apollooptical.com/glossary-polymer-optics-terminology) - [Polymer Catalog for Zemax](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-catalog-zemax) - [Resources for the Optics Curious](https://www.apollooptical.com/blog/tag/burallis-bytes) - [Apollo Optical Insights](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog) SEARCH [Contact Us](http://www.apollooptical.com/contact-apollo-optical) [![Apollo Optical-LOGO-FF-01](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/Apollo%20Optical-LOGO-FF-01.png?width=2134&height=812&name=Apollo%20Optical-LOGO-FF-01.png)](http://www.apollooptical.com)[![Logo Apollo Optical Systems White](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/Logo%20Apollo%20Optical%20Systems%20White.png?width=2156&height=815&name=Logo%20Apollo%20Optical%20Systems%20White.png)](http://www.apollooptical.com) - [Markets](http://www.apollooptical.com/markets) - [Automotive](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-vertical) - [DMS & OMS](http://www.apollooptical.com/driver-monitoring-occupant-monitoring-system) - [Optical DFM Checklist](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-optical-dfm-checklist) - [DMS & OMS Polymer Optical Systems Solutions Guide](http://www.apollooptical.com/automotive-dms-oms-polymer-optical-systems-solutions-guide) - [Medical Devices](http://www.apollooptical.com/medical-devices) - [Tactical-Defense](http://www.apollooptical.com/tactical) - [Robotics](http://www.apollooptical.com/robotics-polymer-optics) - [Capabilities](http://www.apollooptical.com/capabilities-apollo-optical) - [Assembly](http://www.apollooptical.com/assembly) - [Coating as a Service](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-coating-service) - [Diffractive Optics](http://www.apollooptical.com/diffractive-optics) - [Evaporative Coatings](http://www.apollooptical.com/evaporative-coatings) - [Metrology & Testing](http://www.apollooptical.com/metrology-testing) - [Microlens Arrays](http://www.apollooptical.com/microlens-arrays) - [Optical and Mechanical Design](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-mechanical-design) - [Polymer Injection Molding](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-injection-molding) - [Polymer Raw Materials](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-raw-materials) - [Single Point Diamond Turning](http://www.apollooptical.com/single-point-diamond-turning) - [Company](http://www.apollooptical.com/about-apollo-optical) - [About Us](http://www.apollooptical.com/about-apollo-optical) - [Apollo Team](http://www.apollooptical.com/apollo-team) - [Careers](http://www.apollooptical.com/careers) - [FAQ](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-manufacturing-faq) - Learn - [Resources](http://www.apollooptical.com/resources-references-polymer-optics) - [Common Polymers for Optical Components](http://www.apollooptical.com/common-polymers-for-optical-components) - [Material Transmission Data and Graphs](http://www.apollooptical.com/material-transmission-data-graphs) - [Manufacturing Tolerances](http://www.apollooptical.com/manufacturing-tolerances) - [Glossary](http://www.apollooptical.com/glossary-polymer-optics-terminology) - [Polymer Catalog for Zemax](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-catalog-zemax) - [Resources for the Optics Curious](https://www.apollooptical.com/blog/tag/burallis-bytes) - [Apollo Optical Insights](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog) [Contact Us](http://www.apollooptical.com/contact-apollo-optical) ![Overview-of-Single-Point-Diamond-Turned-Optics](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/Overview-of-Single-Point-Diamond-Turned-Optics.png?width=300&name=Overview-of-Single-Point-Diamond-Turned-Optics.png) # Articles Apollo Optical Systems is an industry leader in diffractive optics technology [Useful Formulas for Diffractive Lens Surfaces](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/diffractive_formulas.pdf) [An Introduction to the Design, Manufacture and Application of Plastic Optics](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/photonics_article.pdf). Authors: Claude Tribastone, William Peck ### Diffractive Lens Articles 1. “[Optical performance of holographic kinoforms](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao28_976.pdf),” Appl. Opt., **28**, 976-983 (1989), D. A. Buralli, G. M. Morris and J. R. Rogers.† 2. “Broadband imaging with holographic lenses,” Opt. Engin., **28**, 592-598 (1989), D. Faklis and G. M. Morris. 3. “[Design of a wide-field diffractive landscape lens](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao28_3950.pdf)“, Appl. Opt. **28**, 3950 (1989), D. A. Buralli and G. M. Morris.† 4. “[Design of diffractive singlets for monochromatic imaging](https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-30-16-2151)“, Appl. Opt. **30**, 2151 (1991), D. A. Buralli and G. M. Morris.† 5. “Diffractive lenses in broadband optical system design,” *Photonics Spectra* (December 1991), D. Faklis and G. M. Morris. 6. “[Achromatic waveguide lenses](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao30_2558.pdf),” Appl. Opt. **30**, 2558-2569 (1991), K. E. Spaulding and G. M. Morris.† 7. “[Effects of diffraction efficiency on the modulation transfer function of diffractive lenses](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao31_4389.pdf),” Appl. Opt. **31**, 4389 (1992). D. A. Buralli and G. M. Morris.† 8. “Using diffractive lenses in optical design,” OSA Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference, G. W. Forbes, ed. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1994) Vol. 22, pp. 242-245, D. A. Buralli. 9. “[Diffractive optics applied to eyepiece design](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao34_2452.pdf),” Appl. Opt. **34**, 2452 (1995), M. D. Missig and G. M. Morris.† 10. “Hybrid lenses offer high performance at low cost,” *Laser Focus World*, November 1995, C. G. Blough and G. M. Morris. 11. “[Diffractive/refractive behavior of kinoform lenses](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao36_253.pdf),” Appl. Opt. **36**, 253 (1997), T. E. M. Sales and G. M. Morris.† 12. “Wavefront quality of optimized diffractive lenses,” Pure Appl. Opt. **6**, 191-202 (1997), H. Haidner and G. M. Morris. 13. “[Design of two-and three-element diffractive Keplerian telescopes](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao31_38.pdf),” Appl. Opt.**31**,38 (1992), D.A. Buralli and G.M. Morris.† 14. “[Broadband alignment scheme for a stepper system using combinations of diffractive and refractive lenses](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao33_7971.pdf),” Appl. Opt.**33**, 7971(1994), Y. Yoshitake and G.M. Morris.† ### Multi-Order Diffractive Lens Articles 1. “[Spectral properties of multi-order diffractive lenses](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/ao34_2462.pdf),” Appl. Opt. **34**, 2462 (1995). D. Faklis and G. M. Morris.† 2. “[Phakic intraocular lenses: the new focus in refractive surgery](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/articles/opn5_26.pdf),” *Optics and Photonics News* **15,** 26 (September 2004). G. M. Morris and L. T. Nordan.† † Republished courtesy of the [Optical Society of America](https://www.osapublishing.org/), copyright 1989 – 2004. ## LATEST NEWS & EVENTS ### [How Advanced Optical Systems Are Powering the Next Generation of Humanoid Robotics](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog/how-advanced-optical-systems-are-powering-the-next-generation-of-humanoid-robotics) ### [Why Polymer Components Are Becoming Critical to the Future of Robotics](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog/why-polymer-components-are-becoming-critical-to-the-future-of-robotics) ### [Apollo Partners with Militram to Expand Presence in Israel](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog/apollo-partners-with-militram-to-expand-presence-in-israel) ### [Understanding Lens Power in Optical Systems](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog/understanding-lens-power-in-optical-systems) ![aos-icon-rectangle-tall](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/aos-icon-rectangle-tall.png?width=300&name=aos-icon-rectangle-tall.png) ### Custom Optical Capabilities and Design Services [Learn More](http://www.apollooptical.com/contact-apollo-optical) [![Apollo Optical-LOGO-WHITE v2-1-1](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/Apollo%20Optical-LOGO-WHITE%20v2-1-1.png?width=300&name=Apollo%20Optical-LOGO-WHITE%20v2-1-1.png)](https://apollooptical.com) ©2026 Apollo Optical Systems Inc. All rights reserved Proudly based in Rochester, NY — Serving global optics markets. 1 (585) 272-6170 [925 John Street Rochester, NY 14586](https://maps.app.goo.gl/7SARBFb2gTeHAJgy6) ![ISO certified logo](https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hub/21808144/hubfs/iso-9001-certified-dark.png?width=75&height=75&name=iso-9001-certified-dark.png) - [Markets](http://www.apollooptical.com/capabilities-apollo-optical) - [Capabilities](http://www.apollooptical.com/capabilities-apollo-optical) - [Coating as a Service](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-coating-service) - [Evaporative Coatings](http://www.apollooptical.com/evaporative-coatings) - [Metrology & Testing](http://www.apollooptical.com/metrology-testing) - [Microlens Arrays](http://www.apollooptical.com/microlens-arrays) - [Optical and Mechanical Design](http://www.apollooptical.com/optical-mechanical-design) - [Polymer Injection Molding](http://www.apollooptical.com/polymer-injection-molding) - [Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT)](http://www.apollooptical.com/single-point-diamond-turning) - [Company](http://www.apollooptical.com/about-apollo-optical) - [Contact Us](http://www.apollooptical.com/contact-apollo-optical) - [Careers](http://www.apollooptical.com/careers) - [Apollo Optical Insights](http://www.apollooptical.com/blog) - [Resources](http://www.apollooptical.com/resources-references-polymer-optics) - [Markets](http://www.apollooptical.com/markets) - [Blog](https://www.apollooptical.com/feeds) - [Privacy Policy](http://www.apollooptical.com/privacy-policy) SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER Stay up to date on the latest products, and services from Apollo Optical Systems! ```json { "@context" : "https://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "address" : { "@type" : "PostalAddress", "addressCountry" : "US", "addressLocality" : "West Henrietta", "addressRegion" : "NY", "postalCode" : "14586", "streetAddress" : "925 John St" }, "knowsLanguage" : "en", "logo" : { "@type" : "ImageObject", "url" : "https://21808144.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/21808144/Apollo%20Optical-LOGO-FF-01-1.png" }, "name" : "Apollo Optical Systems", "url" : "http://www.apollooptical.com/diffractive-optics-articles" } ```